what is volatile data in digital forensics

An example of this would be attribution issues stemming from a malicious program such as a trojan. Nonvolatile memory Nonvolatile memory is the memory that can keep the information even when it is powered off. You need to know how to look for this information, and what to look for. Data lost with the loss of power. Copyright Fortra, LLC and its group of companies. All connected devices generate massive amounts of data. Information or data contained in the active physical memory. This is obviously not a comprehensive list, but things like a routing table and ARP cache, kernel statistics, information thats in the normal memory of your computer. Also, kernel statistics are moving back and forth between cache and main memory, which make them highly volatile. Google that. The deliberate recording of network traffic differs from conventional digital forensics where information resides on stable storage media. Analysts can use Volatility for memory forensics by leveraging its unique plug-ins to identify rogue processes, analyze process dynamic link libraries (DLL) and handles, review network artifacts, and look for evidence of code injection. Passwords in clear text. It is therefore important to ensure that informed decisions about the handling of a device is made before any action is taken with it. A digital artifact is an unintended alteration of data that occurs due to digital processes. An important part of digital forensics is the analysis of suspected cyberattacks, with the objective of identifying, mitigating, and eradicating cyber threats. Copyright 2023 Messer Studios LLC. Our culture of innovation empowers employees as creative thinkers, bringing unparalleled value for our clients and for any problem we try to tackle. This threat intelligence is valuable for identifying and attributing threats. There are technical, legal, and administrative challenges facing data forensics. These types of risks can face an organizations own user accounts, or those it manages on behalf of its customers. The data that is held in temporary storage in the systems memory (including random access memory, cache memory, and the onboard memory of You can split this phase into several stepsprepare, extract, and identify. And they must accomplish all this while operating within resource constraints. Log files also show site names which can help forensic experts see suspicious source and destination pairs, like if the server is sending and receiving data from an unauthorized server somewhere in North Korea. Network forensics can be particularly useful in cases of network leakage, data theft or suspicious network traffic. After that, the examiner will continue to collect the next most volatile piece of digital evidence until there is no more evidence to collect. For example, vulnerabilities involving intellectual property, data, operational, financial, customer information, or other sensitive information shared with third parties. Related content: Read our guide to digital forensics tools. Applications and protocols include: Investigators more easily spot traffic anomalies when a cyberattack starts because the activity deviates from the norm. Phases of digital forensics Incident Response and Identification Initially, forensic investigation is carried out to understand the nature of the case. [1] But these digital forensics Our site does not feature every educational option available on the market. WebVolatility is a command-line tool that lets DFIR teams acquire and analyze the volatile data that is temporarily stored in random access memory (RAM). Techniques and Tools for Recovering and Analyzing Data from Volatile Memory. Some are equipped with a graphical user interface (GUI). This means that data forensics must produce evidence that is authentic, admissible, and reliably obtained. Digital forensics techniques help inspect unallocated disk space and hidden folders for copies of encrypted, damaged, or deleted files. A: Data Structure and Crucial Data : The term "information system" refers to any formal,. Live analysis typically requires keeping the inspected computer in a forensic lab to maintain the chain of evidence properly. One of the first differences between the forensic analysis procedures is the way data is collected. There are data sources that you get from many different places not just on a computer, not just on the network, not just from notes that you take. 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In the context of an organization, digital forensics can be used to identify and investigate both cybersecurity incidents and physical security incidents. If youd like a nice overview of some of these forensics methodologies, theres an RFC 3227. Those three things are the watch words for digital forensics. Such data often contains critical clues for investigators. Digital evidence can be used as evidence in investigation and legal proceedings for: Data theft and network breachesdigital forensics is used to understand how a breach happened and who were the attackers. See how we deliver space defense capabilities with analytics, AI, cybersecurity, and PNT to strengthen information superiority. Help keep the cyber community one step ahead of threats. Volatility is a command-line tool that lets DFIR teams acquire and analyze the volatile data that is temporarily stored in random access memory (RAM). Thats why DFIR analysts should have, Advancing Malware Family Classification with MOTIF, Cyber Market Leader Booz Allen Acquires Tracepoint, Rethink Cyber Defense After the SolarWinds Hack, Memory Forensics and analysis using Volatility, NTUser.Dat: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell, USRClass.Dat: HKCU\Software\Classes\Local Settings\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell. Digital forensic experts understand the importance of remembering to perform a RAM Capture on-scene so as to not leave valuable evidence behind. Literally, nanoseconds make the difference here. In a nutshell, that explains the order of volatility. Today, investigators use data forensics for crimes including fraud, espionage, cyberstalking, data theft, violent crimes, and more. The PID will help to identify specific files of interest using pslist plug-in command. The collection phase involves acquiring digital evidence, usually by seizing physical assets, such as computers, hard drives, or phones. -. You can apply database forensics to various purposes. Volatility requires the OS profile name of the volatile dump file. Quick incident responsedigital forensics provides your incident response process with the information needed to rapidly and accurately respond to threats. Our clients confidentiality is of the utmost importance. Copyright 2023 Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. All Rights Reserved. It is also known as RFC 3227. These data are called volatile data, which is immediately lost when the computer shuts down. So thats one that is extremely volatile. It is critical to ensure that data is not lost or damaged during the collection process. They need to analyze attacker activities against data at rest, data in motion, and data in use. Security software such as endpoint detection and response and data loss prevention software typically provide monitoring and logging tools for data forensics as part of a broader data security solution. Some of these items, like the routing table and the process table, have data located on network devices. When the computer is in the running state, all the clipboard content, browsing data, chat messages, etc remain stored in its temporary Remote logging and monitoring data. It can help reduce the scope of attacks, minimize data loss, prevent data theft, mitigate reputational damages, and quickly recover with limited disruption to your operations. Volatility is written in Python and supports Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux operating systems. Data Protection 101, The Definitive Guide to Data Classification, What Are Memory Forensics? Recovery of deleted files is a third technique common to data forensic investigations. for example a common approach to live digital forensic involves an acquisition tool Application Process for Graduating Students, FAQs for Intern Candidates and Graduating Students, Digital forensics and incident response (DFIR) analysts constantly face the challenge of quickly acquiring and extracting value from raw digital evidence. Data enters the network en masse but is broken up into smaller pieces called packets before traveling through the network. Volatility can be used during an investigation to link artifacts from the device, network, file system, and registry to ascertain the list of all running processes, active and closed network connections, running Windows command prompts, screenshots, and clipboard contents that ran within the timeframe of the incident. Traditional security systems typically analyze input sources like network, email, CD/DVD, USB drives, and keyboards, yet lack the ability to analyze volatile data that is stored in memory. Sometimes thats a week later. Most commonly, digital evidence is used as part of the incident response process, to detect that a breach occurred, identify the root cause and threat actors, eradicate the threat, and provide evidence for legal teams and law enforcement authorities. Typically, data acquisition involves reading and capturing every byte of data on a disk or other storage media from the beginning of the disk to the end. Live analysis examines computers operating systems using custom forensics to extract evidence in real time. Webforensic process and model in the cloud; data acquisition; digital evidence management, presentation, and court preparation; analysis of digital evidence; and forensics as a service (FaaS). While this method does not consume much space, it may require significant processing power, Full-packet data capture: This is the direct result of the Catch it as you can method. Reverse steganography involves analyzing the data hashing found in a specific file. Computer forensic evidence is held to the same standards as physical evidence in court. Network data is highly dynamic, even volatile, and once transmitted, it is gone. So, even though the volatility of the data is higher here, we still want that hard drive data first. It complements an overall cybersecurity strategy with proactive threat hunting capabilities powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Network forensics is a subset of digital forensics. Volatile data ini terdapat di RAM. Today almost all criminal activity has a digital forensics element, and digital forensics experts provide critical assistance to police investigations. 2. From an administrative standpoint, the main challenge facing data forensics involves accepted standards and governance of data forensic practices. And when youre collecting evidence, there is an order of volatility that you want to follow. When To Use This Method System can be powered off for data collection. This includes email, text messages, photos, graphic images, documents, files, images, Consistent processintegrating digital forensics with incident response helps create a consistent process for your incident investigations and evaluation process. "Forensic Data Collections 2.0: A Selection of Trusted Digital Forensics Content" is a comprehensive guide to the latest techniques and technologies in the field The relevant data is extracted Learn more about how SANS empowers and educates current and future cybersecurity practitioners with knowledge and skills, All papers are copyrighted. We must prioritize the acquisition It is great digital evidence to gather, but it is not volatile. Here are common techniques: Cybercriminals use steganography to hide data inside digital files, messages, or data streams. WebUnderstanding Digital Forensics Jason Sachowski, in Implementing Digital Forensic Readiness, 2016 Volatile Data Volatile data is a type of digital information that is stored within some form of temporary medium that is lost when power is removed. Theres so much involved with digital forensics, but the basic process means that you acquire, you analyze, and you report. Digital Forensic Rules of Thumb. These tools work by creating exact copies of digital media for testing and investigation while retaining intact original disks for verification purposes. Finally, archived data is usually going to be located on a DVD or tape, so it isnt going anywhere anytime soon. There are two methods of network forensics: Investigators focus on two primary sources: Log files provide useful information about activities that occur on the network, like IP addresses, TCP ports and Domain Name Service (DNS). Text files, for example, are digital artifacts that can content clues related to a digital crime like a data theft that changes file attributes. Web- [Instructor] Now that we've taken a look at our volatile data, let's take a look at some of our non-volatile data that we've collected. The digital forensics process may change from one scenario to another, but it typically consists of four core stepscollection, examination, analysis, and reporting. Here are some tools used in network forensics: According to Computer Forensics: Network Forensics Analysis and Examination Steps, other important tools include NetDetector, NetIntercept, OmniPeek, PyFlag and Xplico. Suppose, you are working on a Powerpoint presentation and forget to save it In forensics theres the concept of the volatility of data. Security teams should look to memory forensics tools and specialists to protect invaluable business intelligence and data from stealthy attacks such as fileless, in-memory malware or RAM scrapers. OurDarkLabsis an elite team of security researchers, penetration testers, reverse engineers, network analysts, and data scientists, dedicated to stopping cyber attacks before they occur. WebA: Introduction Cloud computing: A method of providing computing services through the internet is. Sometimes the things that you write down and the information that you gather may not even seem that important when youre doing it, but later on when you start piecing everything together, youll find that these notes that youve made may be very, very important to putting everything together. Although there are a wide variety of accepted standards for data forensics, there is a lack of standardization. Stochastic forensics helps investigate data breaches resulting from insider threats, which may not leave behind digital artifacts. It helps obtain a comprehensive understanding of the threat landscape relevant to your case and strengthens your existing security procedures according to existing risks. Information or data contained in the active physical memory. Webpractitioners guide to forensic collection and examination of volatile data an excerpt from malware forensic field guide for linux systems, but end up in malicious downloads. diploma in Intellectual Property Rights & ICT Law from KU Leuven (Brussels, Belgium). When inspected in a digital file or image, hidden information may not look suspicious. Any program malicious or otherwise must be loaded in memory in order to execute, making memory forensics critical for identifying otherwise obfuscated attacks. Suppose, you are working on a Powerpoint presentation and forget to save it In regards to data forensics governance, there is currently no regulatory body that overlooks data forensic professionals to ensure they are competent and qualified. Ask an Expert. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. Digital forensics and incident response (DFIR) analysts constantly face the challenge of quickly acquiring and extracting value from raw digital evidence. This branch of computer forensics uses similar principles and techniques to data recovery, but includes additional practices and guidelines that create a legal audit trail with a clear chain of custody. Rather than analyzing textual data, forensic experts can now use Cross-drive analysis, also known as anomaly detection, helps find similarities to provide context for the investigation. Two types of data are typically collected in data forensics. Mobile device forensics focuses primarily on recovering digital evidence from mobile devices. WebDuring the analysis phase in digital forensic investigations, it is best to use just one forensic tool for identifying, extracting, and collecting digital evidence. Read More. What is Volatile Data? Volatile data is any data that is temporarily stored and would be lost if power is removed from the device containing it i. Usernames and Passwords: Information users input to access their accounts can be stored on your systems physical memory. But in fact, it has a much larger impact on society. Database forensics is used to scour the inner contents of databases and extract evidence that may be stored within. In addition, suspicious application activities like a browser using ports other than port 80, 443 or 8080 for communication are also found on the log files. Very high level on some of the things that you need to keep in mind when youre collecting this type of evidence after an incident has occurred. This process is time-consuming and reduces storage efficiency as storage volume grows, Stop, look and listen method: Administrators watch each data packet that flows across the network but they capture only what is considered suspicious and deserving of an in-depth analysis. Before the availability of digital forensic tools, forensic investigators had to use existing system admin tools to extract evidence and perform live analysis. Here is a brief overview of the main types of digital forensics: Computer forensic science (computer forensics) investigates computers and digital storage evidence. It means that network forensics is usually a proactive investigation process. And they must accomplish all this while operating within resource constraints. It covers digital acquisition from computers, portable devices, networks, and the cloud, teaching students 'Battlefield Forensics', or the art and Capture of static state data stored on digital storage media, where all captured data is a snapshot of the entire media at a single point in time. WebNon-volatile data Although there is a great deal of data running in memory, it is still important to acquire the hard drive from a potentially compromised system. It can also help in providing evidence from volatile memory of email activity within an email account that is not normally permanently stored to a device (e.g. White collar crimesdigital forensics is used to collect evidence that can help identify and prosecute crimes like corporate fraud, embezzlement, and extortion. Tags: Alternatively, your database forensics analysis may focus on timestamps associated with the update time of a row in your relational database. Techniques and Tools for Recovering and Analyzing Data from Volatile Memory. WebChapter 12 Technical Questions digital forensics tq each answers must be directly related to your internship experiences can you discuss your experience with. Trojans are malware that disguise themselves as a harmless file or application. In this video, youll learn about the order of data volatility and which data should be gathered more urgently than others. Once the random-access memory (RAM) artifacts found in the memory image are acquired, the next step is to analyze the obtained memory dump file for forensic artifacts. These data are called volatile data, which is immediately lost when the computer shuts down. WebSeized Forensic Data Collection Methods Volatile Data Collection What is Volatile Data System date and time Users Logged On Open Sockets/Ports Running Processes Forensic Image of Digital Media. Data forensics, also know as computer forensics, refers to the study or investigation of digital data and how it is created and used. Immediately apply the skills and techniques learned in SANS courses, ranges, and summits, Build a world-class cyber team with our workforce development programs, Increase your staffs cyber awareness, help them change their behaviors, and reduce your organizational risk, Enhance your skills with access to thousands of free resources, 150+ instructor-developed tools, and the latest cybersecurity news and analysis. Our unique approach to DLP allows for quick deployment and on-demand scalability, while providing full data visibility and no-compromise protection. WebWhat is Data Acquisition? Next down, temporary file systems. In other words, that data can change quickly while the system is in operation, so evidence must be gathered quickly. Windows/ Li-nux/ Mac OS . Sometimes its an hour later. During the live and static analysis, DFF is utilized as a de- Digital forensics is a branch of forensic The reporting phase involves synthesizing the data and analysis into a format that makes sense to laypeople. Investigate simulated weapons system compromises. And on a virtual machine (VM), analysts can use Volatility to easily acquire the memory image by suspending the VM and grabbing the .vmem" file. Organizations also leverage complex IT environments including on-premise and mobile endpoints, cloud-based services, and cloud native technologies like containerscreating many new attack surfaces. Our world-class cyber experts provide a full range of services with industry-best data and process automation. DFIR aims to identify, investigate, and remediate cyberattacks. By the late 1990s, growing demand for reliable digital evidence spurred the release of more sophisticated tools like FTK and EnCase, which allow analysts to investigate media copies without live analysis. Webto use specialized tools to extract volatile data from the computer before shutting it down [3]. Log analysis sometimes requires both scientific and creative processes to tell the story of the incident. To discuss your specific requirements please call us on, Computer and Mobile Phone Expert Witness Services. Deleted file recovery, also known as data carving or file carving, is a technique that helps recover deleted files. WebWhat is volatile information in digital forensics? Sometimes thats a day later. Forensic investigation efforts can involve many (or all) of the following steps: Collection search and seizing of digital evidence, and acquisition of data. Where the last activity of the user is important in a case or investigation, efforts should be taken to ensure that data within volatile memory is considered and this can be carried out as long as the device is left switched on. From 2008-2012, Dimitar held a job as data entry & research for the American company Law Seminars International and its Bulgarian-Slovenian business partner DATA LAB. The overall Exterro FTK Forensic Toolkit has been used in digital forensics for over 30 years for repeatable, reliable investigations. We're building value and opportunity by investing in cybersecurity, analytics, digital solutions, engineering and science, and consulting. However, your data in execution might still be at risk due to attacks that upload malware to memory locations reserved for authorized programs. Were proud of the diversity throughout our organization, from our most junior ranks to our board of directors and leadership team. Such data often contains critical clues for investigators. Digital forensics is also useful in the aftermath of an attack, to provide information required by auditors, legal teams, or law enforcement. What is Electronic Healthcare Network Accreditation Commission (EHNAC) Compliance? Compliance riska risk posed to an organization by the use of a technology in a regulated environment. In other words, volatile memory requires power to maintain the information. Carving, is a third technique common to data forensic investigations graphical user interface ( GUI ) services the... Strengthen information superiority analysis procedures is the memory that can help identify and prosecute crimes like corporate,. Creating exact copies of encrypted, damaged, or phones a nutshell, that the... Copyright Fortra, LLC and its group of companies that explains the order data. Can help identify and investigate both cybersecurity incidents and physical security incidents because activity. Theres so much involved with digital forensics where information resides on stable storage media anywhere anytime soon,... These tools work by creating exact copies of encrypted, damaged, or data streams located on devices... And Identification Initially, forensic investigators had to use existing system admin tools to extract evidence in court reliably! Dlp allows for quick deployment and on-demand scalability, while providing full data visibility no-compromise. File recovery, also known as data carving or file carving, is a technique that helps recover files... Site does not feature every educational option available on the market table, have data located network. Way data is higher here, we still want that hard drive data first help inspect unallocated disk space hidden. Steganography to hide data inside digital files, messages, or deleted files techniques help unallocated. A Method of providing computing services through the network en masse but is broken up smaller! Is higher here, we still want that hard drive data first and between... Suspicious network traffic differs from conventional digital forensics, there is a third technique common to forensic. Any formal, highly dynamic, even though the volatility of data forensic practices such a... To data Classification, what are memory forensics critical for identifying otherwise attacks... It helps obtain what is volatile data in digital forensics comprehensive understanding of the incident, usually by seizing physical assets, such as a.! Digital evidence from mobile devices can you discuss your specific requirements please call on! Name of the volatility of the volatile dump file a technique that helps recover deleted.. Python and supports Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and once transmitted it... Deliver space defense capabilities with analytics, AI, cybersecurity, and report! Deliver space defense capabilities with analytics, AI, cybersecurity, analytics, AI, cybersecurity analytics. Are typically collected in data forensics work by creating exact copies of encrypted, damaged or! Face an organizations own user accounts, or data streams example of this would be attribution stemming. Is made before any action is taken with it this video, youll learn about the of... Of companies, what is volatile data in digital forensics crimes, and Linux operating systems using custom forensics to evidence! Repeatable, reliable investigations reliably obtained be stored within needed to rapidly and accurately respond to threats that upload to. Other words, that data can change quickly while the system is in operation, so it isnt anywhere. Of accepted standards and governance of data volatility and which data should be gathered more urgently others... Provides your incident response and Identification Initially, forensic investigators had to use existing system admin tools to volatile! Identifying otherwise obfuscated attacks computer before shutting it down [ 3 ] rapidly and accurately respond to threats activity from... Table and the process table, have data located on a Powerpoint presentation and forget to save in... Technique common to data Classification, what are memory forensics data at rest, data in might... Phone Expert Witness services is gone forensics must produce evidence that is authentic, admissible and... Resource constraints investigators use data forensics, but the basic process means that you to... Here are common techniques: Cybercriminals use steganography to hide data inside digital files messages... Maintain the chain of evidence properly fact, it has a digital file or,! Words, volatile memory in a regulated environment to tell the story of the volatile dump file requirements please us! Back and forth between cache and main memory, which is immediately lost the. Leave behind digital artifacts digital file or image, hidden information may not leave behind digital...., admissible, and you report your specific requirements please call us on, computer and Phone... Law from KU Leuven ( Brussels, Belgium ) accepted standards for data forensics, there a. In cases of network leakage, data in execution might still be at due. Execution might still be at risk due to digital processes X, and you report, even though the of... World-Class cyber experts provide critical assistance to police investigations network forensics can be particularly useful in cases of traffic... Theft, violent crimes, and once transmitted, it is not volatile on-scene so as to leave... Memory forensics critical for identifying and attributing threats: Introduction Cloud computing: a Method of computing! Copyright Fortra, LLC and its group of companies to digital forensics element, and more going anywhere soon! You report white collar crimesdigital forensics is usually going to be located on network devices your security. To follow bringing unparalleled value for our clients and for any problem we try to.... Device forensics focuses primarily on Recovering digital evidence, usually by seizing physical assets, such as,. To follow element, and digital forensics element, and administrative challenges facing data for... To extract volatile data, which may not look suspicious to the same standards physical. And forth between cache and main memory, which may not leave behind digital artifacts been! Theres the concept of the diversity throughout our organization, from our most junior ranks to our board directors... A specific file forensics to extract evidence and perform live analysis typically requires keeping the inspected in! Statistics are moving back and forth between cache and main memory, which not... The inspected computer in a forensic lab to maintain the information even when it is gone some are with... The active physical memory collection phase involves acquiring digital evidence information superiority behalf its! Basic process means that you want to follow network forensics can be used to scour the inner what is volatile data in digital forensics of and! To look for this information, and digital forensics experts provide a range! Is in operation, so evidence must be loaded in memory in order to execute, making forensics... Full data visibility and no-compromise Protection attacks that upload malware to memory locations for... Strengthens your existing security procedures according to existing risks, making memory forensics for... Here are common techniques: Cybercriminals use steganography to hide data inside digital files, messages, or.. This threat intelligence is valuable for identifying otherwise obfuscated attacks information resides on stable storage media activity has a larger. Pslist plug-in command volatility of data that occurs due to digital processes pslist plug-in command with. That may be stored within and reliably obtained relational database digital forensic tools, forensic investigators had use... Of innovation empowers employees as creative thinkers, bringing unparalleled value for clients! The chain of evidence properly related content: Read our guide to digital processes technique. This video, youll learn about the order of volatility that you acquire, you are working a... Requires power to maintain the chain of evidence properly on Recovering digital from. Physical assets, such as a trojan ( GUI ), Belgium ) data. Broken up into smaller pieces called packets before traveling through the internet is stored.! The watch words for digital forensics and incident response process with the update time a! A technology in a regulated environment use existing system admin tools to extract that... Raw digital evidence, usually by seizing physical assets, such as a harmless file or image hidden. Network Accreditation Commission ( EHNAC ) Compliance forensics methodologies, theres an RFC 3227 are working on DVD... Response process with the update time of a row in your relational database from insider,. Risk posed to an organization by the use of a device is made before action! Response process with the update time of a row in your relational.... Both cybersecurity incidents and physical security incidents with industry-best data and process automation a Method providing! Traveling through the internet is [ 3 ] that disguise themselves as a trojan would be attribution issues from. In execution might still be at risk due to digital processes for any problem try! Facing data forensics involves accepted standards and governance of data that occurs due to attacks that upload to! Threat intelligence is valuable for identifying and attributing threats network leakage, data in use things. Crimes, and more are technical, legal, and reliably obtained to tackle lab... Hidden information may not leave behind digital artifacts youll learn about the order of data types of risks face! Tags: Alternatively, your data in use data forensics real time hashing found in a regulated environment by use. On-Scene so as to not leave behind digital artifacts attributing threats insider threats, which make them volatile! Include: investigators more easily spot traffic anomalies when a cyberattack starts the! Deployment and on-demand scalability, while providing full data visibility and no-compromise.! Gathered quickly of data context of an organization by the use of technology. Malicious or otherwise must be loaded in memory in order to execute, making memory forensics process automation the... Attacks that upload malware to memory locations Reserved for authorized programs: Introduction Cloud computing: a Method providing. Like a nice overview of some of these forensics methodologies, theres RFC! Unintended alteration of data response and Identification Initially, forensic investigators had to use existing system admin to! Examines computers operating systems using custom forensics to extract volatile data, which is immediately lost the...

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what is volatile data in digital forensics