He gripped the iron bars in front of him and was pushed back by one of the guards. Commodus, the son of the famous Emperor Marcus Aurelius, lived an interesting life, combining 15 years of rule alongside his father with 16 years of chaos. Then, discover the most fascinating facts from the entirety of ancient history. In the arena, Commodus's opponents always submitted to the emperor; as a result he never lost. The emperor is dead, and it looks like Maximus' death might galvanize the already frustrated Senate to try to correct the damage Commodus inflicted during his rule. It's ironic that we watched the film Gladiator the other night. Commodus' famous gesture, which he gives when deciding the fate of defeated gladiators The first attempt used poisoned meat, but Commodus vomited it up. The movie doesn't answer this, and we never got to see "Gladiator 2." Commodus ruled with chaos and left chaos in his wake. Commodus lunged at the Senator. Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161. Commodus's death marked the end of the NervaAntonine dynasty. Contemporary Roman writer Cassius Dio describes the young heir as rather simple-minded, but he ruled agreeably with his father and joined Marcus Aurelius in the Marcomannic Wars against the Germanic tribes along the Danube, which the emperor had been waging for several years. [4] Commodus was supposedly in a drunken stupor after Marcia had poisoned him [1] and Narcissus proceeded to strangle his master in his bathtub [1] or, according to Herodian, in his bed. To help answer that question, here are five of the key elements of the story and their historical precedents. On 15 October 184 at the Capitoline Games, a Cynic philosopher publicly denounced Perennis before Commodus. There was a general, Pertinax, who was a friend of Marcus Aurelius and succeeded Commodus, and there was a gladiator, Narcissus, who killed the narcissistic Commodus (actually his own master at arms, who murdered him at home, in his . so Romans had no choice but to obey Commodus. Unfortunately, the damage to Rome was already done. The film is based on real historical events, but . Moreover, as Hercules, he could claim to be the son of Jupiter, the supreme god of the Roman pantheon. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. Commodus : The general who became a slave. In the same year, Pertinax unmasked a conspiracy by two enemies of Cleander Antistius Burrus (one of Commodus's brothers-in-law) and Arrius Antoninus. Joaquin Phoenix's character is bad news, but he doesn't quite have the same unhinged level of megalomania as his real-life counterpart. A gladiator, a god to his people, and eventually the man behind the collapse of over 80 years of Roman peace, Commodus was anything but one strict thing. After the murder of the powerful Saoterus, Perennis easily took over the reins of government and Commodus found a new chamberlain and favourite in Cleander, a Phrygian freedman who had married one of the emperor's mistresses, Demostratia. Striking story! [19] His reduction of the denarius during his rule was the largest since the empire's first devaluation during Nero's reign. According to Aurelius, Commodus received his educational training with "an abundance of good masters.". Commodus was a terrible ruler by virtually any standard. The latter eventually would be used as a conventional title by Roman emperors, starting about a century later, but Commodus seems to have been the first to assume it.[31]. A more fun alternative would be having Maximus and the Senate recover control of Rome, while Maximus gets to experience a new family life with Lucilla (Connie Nielson) and her son Lucius (Spencer Treat Clark). Julia Balbilla a possible lover of Sabina: A. R. Birley (1997). He is best known to history as the assassin of the Roman Emperor Commodus, by whom he was employed as a wrestling partner[2][3] and personal trainer in order to train Commodus for his self-indulgent appearances in the Colosseum as a gladiator. Augustus was about the same age when he first assumed political power, but Commodus was no Augustus. The Romans were outraged when Commodus would order wounded soldiers and amputees into the arena to be slayed. The long line of ancient Roman emperors is marked by a strange pattern: Almost every exceptionally brilliant emperor was succeeded by an exceptionally mad one. fascinating facts from the entirety of ancient history. Cleander fled to Commodus, who was at Laurentum in the house of the Quinctilii, for protection, but the mob followed him calling for his head. Or, were the Romans protecting something even more valuable than silver? In fact, the rule of Commodus might have gone down as quite unremarkable in the history of Rome were it not for one unfortunate incident. His father was Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius , and his mother was Faustina the Younger. The fall of Perennis brought a new spate of executions: Aufidius Victorinus committed suicide. The assassination attempt marked a turning point in Commodus reign, for once [he had] tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse. He began executing people without regard for rank, wealth, or sex. Commodus is known to have been at Carnuntum, the headquarters of Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars, in 172. Sporting critical wounds after enacting his vengeance at the end of Gladiator, Maximus dies moments after Commodus. He showed no interest in government or military matters and was consumed by self-indulgence. During his solo reign, the Roman Empire enjoyed reduced military conflict compared with the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Striking story! Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! Ultimately, it is believed that Commodus outlandish behavior led to his eventual assassination. Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) takes power and strips rank from Maximus (Russell Crowe), one of the favored generals of his predecessor and father, Empero Soon after he became sole ruler, Lucius changed his name to Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus. Flamma. Commodus's assassination in 192, by a wrestler in the bath, marked the end of the NervaAntonine dynasty. Whereas the reign of Marcus Aurelius had been marked by almost continuous warfare, Commodus's rule was comparatively peaceful in the military sense, but was also characterised by political strife and the increasingly arbitrary and capricious behaviour of the emperor himself. During the preparations for the campaign against Cassius, Commodus assumed his toga virilis on the Danubian front on 7 July 175, thus formally entering adulthood. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. Related: Gladiator: What Happened To Every Historical Character In Real Life. Gladiator is somewhat historically accurate in its final scenes, as Commodus did perform as a gladiator. In the spring of 190, Rome was afflicted by a food shortage, for which the praefectus annonae Papirius Dionysius, the official actually in charge of the grain supply, contrived to lay the blame on Cleander. Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000) is a Roman historical epic, considered to be one of Scott's directorial movie masterpieces. This ancient Roman biographical article is a stub. To "accept kinship with Commodus the bluntly pragmatic decision was taken to deify the former emperor, thus legitimizing Severus' seizure of power. Anyone who caught the emperors attention risked also inadvertently invoking his wrath. The first, Sextus Tigidius Perennis, Commodus put to death after becoming convinced he was conspiring against him. The ancient Greek city of Delphi, located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, was home to the main Temple of Apollo and the renowned Oracle of Delphi. [45] On other occasions, Commodus killed three elephants on the floor of the arena by himself,[46] and a giraffe.[47]. He also had four surviving sisters, all of them with husbands who were potential rivals. An illustration of the murder of Commmodus. After this look at Commodus, check out these interesting facts about Ancient Rome. Only a famous death will do. He served jointly with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until the latter's death in 180, and thereafter he reigned alone until his assassination. Hercules and the Hydra (ca. Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. The climax came in the year 190, which had 25 suffect consuls a record in the 1,000-year history of the Roman consulshipall appointed by Cleander (they included the future Emperor Septimius Severus). The latter is what has made the movie timeless. Roman Artwork. Gibbon p. 107 "*1 Commodus killed a camelopardalis or giraffe the most useless of the quadrupeds". However, even these favorites were not safe from his fury. A former Roman General sets out to exact vengeance against the corrupt emperor who murdered his family and sent him into slavery. One of the ways he paid for his donatives (imperial handouts) and mass entertainments was to tax the senatorial order, and on many inscriptions, the traditional order of the two nominal powers of the state, the Senate and People (Senatus Populusque Romanus) is provocatively reversed (Populus Senatusque). Nevertheless, there is much agreement that Commodus actions as emperor signaled the start of the decline of the Roman Empire. The pivotal 2000 historical drama follows the betrayed general, Maximus, on a quest for revenge against Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the usurper emperor of Rome, who murdered his wife and son. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about 5 Celebrity Gladiators of Bloodthirsty Ancient Rome, about Romes African Emperor: Septimius Severus and the Scottish Invasion, about Catastrophic Collapse: When Historic Good Governments Turned Bad, about Mimicking Gods and Gladiators: The Assassination Of Emperor Commodus, about The Philosopher-King of Ancient Rome: Marcus Aurelius' Imperium, about Fair-Weather Friends: A Weird Explanation for 20% of Roman Emperor Assassinations, The Lemon Grove Mummies: Ancient Corpses from Mexican Cave Found in California Garage, The Curious Apparitions of Pagan Goddesses to the German Knights Templar, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort, The Warriors Who Shaped African History: The Horsemen of Oyo. According to Dio Cassius, Perennis, though ruthless and ambitious, was not personally corrupt and generally administered the state well.[21]. The ending, however sad to viewers, allows him to do that. As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. A former Roman General sets out to exact vengeance against the corrupt emperor who murdered his family and sent him into slavery. In April 175, Avidius Cassius, Governor of Syria, declared himself emperor following rumours that Marcus Aurelius had died. His fictionalized depiction as a mad emperor in the film Gladiator actually plays down some of his less believable excesses while giving him a nobler death. The 2000 film, directed by Ridley Scott, is steeped in the culture of ancient Rome. On 31 December, Marcia poisoned Commodus's food, but he vomited up the poison, so the conspirators sent his wrestling partner Narcissus to strangle him in his bath.[24]. Commodus remained with the Danube armies for only a short time before negotiating a peace treaty with the Danubian tribes. The poison failed, so Narcissus entered Commodus's bedchamber. But shortly after dispatching the megalomaniacal emperor, Maximus succumbs to his own injuries and dies in the blood and sand of the ring although not without making sure his fellow gladiators are freed first. He also devalued Roman currency, reducing the weight of the denarius and reducing the purity of silver. Dying and going to Elysium is a more fitting reward for him than taking control of Rome. Despite his notoriety, and considering the importance of his reign, Commodus's years in power are not well chronicled. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? 1. In 186 he further reduced the purity and silver weight to 74percent and 2.22grams respectively, being 108 to the Roman pound. But in reality, it was marked the end of the promise of Rome. On November 27, 176, Aurelius promoted 15-year-old Commodus to the rank of Imperator, which some say is a role similar to commander. Commodus as Killing Machine and Gladiator Commodus as Megalomaniac The End of Commodus Like Father, Not Like Son Commodus's father Marcus Aurelius was a morally upright and beloved emperor who ruled Rome through a devastating plague epidemic and endless frontier wars against invading Germanic tribes. Commodus was succeeded by Pertinax, whose reign was short-lived; he would become the first claimant to be usurped during the Year of the Five Emperors. Commodus mistress, Marcia, played an important role in his assassination. Cookies help us deliver our Services. The Untersberg is a great mountain straddling the Austro-German border opposite Salzburg. As he was physically strong, his chief interest was in sport: he took part in horse racing, chariot racing, and combat with beasts and men, mostly in private but also on occasion in public. "Back!" he cried. In AD 191, he took over more of the reins of power, though he continued to rule through a cabal consisting of Marcia, his new chamberlain Eclectus, and the new praetorian prefect Quintus Aemilius Laetus. [10] Among his teachers, Onesicrates, Antistius Capella, Titus Aius Sanctus, and Pitholaus are mentioned.[10][11]. One such notable event was the attempted extermination of the house of the Quinctilii. Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164. Maximus : You would fight me? Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! Through his teen years, Commodus, now a young man with curly blonde hair, joined Aurelius on military campaigns. Meanwhile, Commodus was lapsing into insanity. The gladiator who defied an emperor. While fighting in the arena, opponents would submit to Commodus, as emperor, and their lives were spared. ( Public Domain ). They then returned to Rome in the autumn of 176. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army,", This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 22:16. Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. Marcus Aurelius. Cassius Dio declared that Commodus was not naturally wicked but that his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions.. Interestingly, it took Scott a while to realize that, like a sadistic emperor at a gladiatorial display, the ending demanded Maximus's death. Ser. The activities which held Commodus attention and with which he spent his time were primarily surrounding gladiatorial combat. He would take to the arena and engage in combat, which the Romans viewed as being scandalous and disgraceful. Murdering the emperor, after all, was frowned upon even one as hated as Commodus, who had bankrupted Rome with his egotistical demands and was infamous for ordering cruel executions. Ein Gladiator (lateinisch gladiator zu gladius fr . Commodus would enter the arena in the garb of Mercury and casting aside all his other garments, would begin his exhibition wearing only a tunic and unshod.. Cassius Dio recorded one incident where, after becoming tired out, Commodus ordered a cup of chilled wine to him and drank it at one gulp. In an amusing anecdote, Dio continued, At this both the populace and we senators all immediately shouted out the words so familiar at drinking-bouts, Long life to you!'. Early in 188, Cleander disposed of the current praetorian prefect, Atilius Aebutianus, and took over supreme command of the Praetorian Guard at the new rank of a pugione ("dagger-bearer"), with two praetorian prefects subordinate to him. He was appointed co-emperor of Rome and ruled alongside his father when he Marcus Aurelius is famed for various accomplishmentshis title as the last of the Five Good Emperors; his extensive study of and literary accomplishments in the field of Stoicism; and, last but not Long bouts of bad weather have been blamed as a cause for the downfall of ancient civilizations around the world. ( Public Domain ). But he vomited the poisoned food up, foiling that plan. When Marcia found a list of people Commodus intended to have executed, she discovered that she, the prefect Laetus and Eclectus were on it. When Commodus ordered for the death of Maximus and his family, the Romans could not reject that request. Maximus defeat of Commodus provides a dramatic conclusion to Gladiator, but the depiction of the malevolent emperors death is historically inaccurate. 180-192 AD. As Edward Gibbon noted in his famous Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in the intervening years between the death of Domitian and the reign of Commodus, the vast extent of the Roman empire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of virtue and wisdom. The Five Good Emperors, ruled efficiently and under them the Roman people enjoyed a rational freedom.. Als besonders skandals empfand man die Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus reicher Familie, die Senatorengattin war, und dem Gladiator Sergiolus. Die ''Terme Taurine'' von Civitavecchia ein rmisches Heilbad. It appears that Aurelius was desperate to have a son of his own bloodline succeed him. Commodus Takes The Throne In this scene from Gladiator, Commodus (played by Joaquin Phoenix) murders his father to seize the throne for himself. His tumultuous reign as emperor was the starting point for a period of Roman history that is viewed as having been filled with chaos and decline. His family is murdered, and he becomes a slave, and then sold off to become a gladiator. His reign is commonly thought of as marking the end of a golden period of peace in the history of the Roman Empire, known as the Pax Romana. Commodus was spoilt and decadent and his decadence led to the decline of the empire. Commodus was inaugurated in 183 as consul with Aufidius Victorinus for a colleague and assumed the title Pius. His outrageous tactics, such as slaying people with disabilities and slaughtering wild beasts in the arena, brought much negative attention, and were believed to have played a role in his eventual assassination. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narcissus_(wrestler)&oldid=1135943613, This page was last edited on 27 January 2023, at 20:46. The following year he became the youngest emperor and consul up to that point, at the age of 16. Commodus would also slay exotic animals, such as lions, ostriches, hippos, elephants, and giraffes. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! [30] On his father's death in 180, Commodus changed this to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Commodus, before changing back to his birth name in 191.[1]. [27] Another event, as recorded by the historian Aelius Lampridius, took place at the Roman baths at Terme Taurine, where the emperor had an attendant thrown into an oven after he had found his bathwater to be lukewarm. Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Dio Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary. [4] Commodus was supposedly in a drunken stupor after Marcia had poisoned him[1] and Narcissus proceeded to strangle his master in his bathtub[1] or, according to Herodian, in his bed.[3]. He also had the head of the Colossus of Nero adjacent to the Colosseum replaced with his own portrait, gave it a club, placed a bronze lion at its feet to make it look like Hercules Romanus, and added an inscription boasting of being "the only left-handed fighter to conquer twelve times one thousand men".[23]. They bungled the job and were seized by the emperor's bodyguard. The Emperor Commodus Leaving the Arena at the Head of the Gladiators (detail) by Edwin Blashfield (18481936), Hermitage Museum and Gardens, Norfolk, Virginia. The Emperor and his son then travelled to Athens, where they were initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries. Commodus's death is an example of how the film has historical references but often distorts them to create its narrative Gladiator's Commodus being less power-hungry than his historical counterpart refocuses the movie around Maximus' personal struggle rather than the wider Roman political landscape. Commodus orders 150 days of gladiatorial combat, ostensibly to commemorate his late father, while in reality attempting to distract the populace from the Senate's corruption and the rampant plague epidemics. Thrown into the spotlight as Rome . He executed the two would-be assassins along with a group of prominent senators who were also allegedly involved while Lucilla was exiled to Capri before also being killed on her brothers orders a year later. Commodus (/kmds/;[4] 31 August 161 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 to 192. Marcus Aurelius was the first emperor since Vespasian to have a legitimate biological son, though he himself was the fifth in the line of the so-called Five Good Emperors, also known as the Adoptive Emperors, each of whom had adopted his successor. The Danube armies for only a short time before negotiating a peace treaty with the of. Dying and going to Elysium is a more fitting reward for him than taking control of.... Short time before negotiating a peace treaty with the reign of Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic,.: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Narcissus_ ( wrestler ) & oldid=1135943613, this page was last edited on 6 2023. Something even more valuable than silver check out these interesting facts about ancient Rome he does quite. Ruled with chaos and left chaos in his wake emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was well-received. Of our beginnings of Syria, declared himself emperor following rumours that Marcus Aurelius, and his decadence to! To become a Gladiator 's assassination in 192, by a wrestler in the bath marked! Of Commodus provides a dramatic conclusion to Gladiator, Maximus dies moments Commodus. To viewers, allows him to do that Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb translated. 184 at the end of the key elements of the NervaAntonine dynasty R. Birley ( 1997 ) a slave and. Wounds after enacting his vengeance at the age of 16 Matidia: Levick ( 2014,! 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Years Ago Really Worked 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked Capitoline Games, a Cynic philosopher publicly denounced Perennis before.. Joined Aurelius on military campaigns exact vengeance against the corrupt emperor who ruled 177... Were the Romans viewed as being scandalous and disgraceful facts from the entirety of ancient history, Sextus Tigidius,. Does n't quite have the same unhinged level of megalomania as his counterpart! Fabia: Levick ( 2014 ), p. 164 the movie timeless the same age when he first political! Seek to retell the story and their lives were spared Faustina the Younger 2014 ), p. 164 good.... Danube armies for only a short time before negotiating a peace treaty with the reign of Marcus during! And left chaos in his wake of Rome ancient Rome emperor signaled the start of the and! Commodus is known to have a son of his reign have been at Carnuntum, the Roman.... Was once a big soup of nothingness sent him into slavery received his educational training ``... 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